| Country | Average raw milk production cost (KRW/L) | Feed cost share (%) | Labor cost share (%) | Key characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| South Korea | 1,084 (for drinking milk) / 887 (for processing use) | 40–50 | 20–30 | High-cost structure; strong dependence on imported feed |
| United States | 450–550 | 25–35 | 10–15 | Large-scale farms and economies of scale |
| EU (Germany/France) | 420–520 | 30–40 | 10–20 | Stable production supported by CAP subsidies |
| Australia | 400–500 | 30–35 | 10–15 | Pasture-based system, large-scale operations |
| New Zealand | 350–450 | Around 30 | –10 | World’s lowest-cost, pasture-intensive production model |