Table 1. Effect of Lactobacillus probiotic strains on viral respiratory infections

Type of Lactobacillus probiotic strains	Effect of anti-respiratory viruses	References
Lactobacillus plantarum L-137	Reduced influenza virus type A (IVA-H1N1) titer in the lungs of mice	[11]
L. plantarum YU	Anti-H1N1 activity by activating the Th1 immune response	[12]
Mixture of L. plantarum NCIMB 8826 and Lactobacillus reuteri F275	Mice infected with lethal pneumovirus observed to be able to survive	[14]
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG	Anti-influenza virus activity when administered intranasally and orally	[15]
Mixture of L. rhamnosus CRL1505 and CRL1506	Inhibitory effect of respiratory syncytial virus	[16]
Lactobacillus casei Shirota	Increases secretion of antiviral cytokines such as IFN-α	[21]
L. casei DN-114,001	Significantly reduces symptoms and duration of respiratory infections	[24,25]
Mixture of Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. Paracasei 06Tca19 and 06Tca22	Significant reduction of tumor necrosis factor-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid	[26]
Mixture of L. fermentum-1 and CJL-112	Significant reduction in viral load with high stimulation of IgA and interleukin-12 secretion, which increases survival in mice	[28]
L. fermentum CECT5716	Significantly reduced the incidence of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in infants	[29]
L. acidophilus L-92	Anti-influenza virus A (H1N1) activity by increasing active natural killer cells in the lungs	[31]
Lactobacillus brevis KB-290	Increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α and IgA in the lungs of mice	[34]
Lactobacillus gasseri TMC0356	Interacts with Peyer’s patches to decrease viral titer and increase production of interleukin-12, interleukin-6, interferon-c and IgA	[15]
Lactobacillus pentosus S-PT84	Antiviral activity by activation of lung natural killer cells after intranasal inoculation	[35]