Table 1 Diversity of spoilage yeast and mold species from variety of cheese types

Types of cheese

Spoilage yeast Spoilage mold Reference
Fresh cheese (cottage, ricotta) Kluyveromyces marxianus, Trichosporon asahii, Sporobolomyces roseus, Pichia fermentans, P. membranaefaciens, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, R. glutinis, Yarrowia lipolytica, Galactomyces geotrichum, Debaryomyces hansenii, Cryptococcus laurentii, C. albidus, Candida inconspicua, C. sake, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. zeylanoides Cladosporium sp., Geotrichum candidum Garnier et al. (2017)Saxer et al. (2013)Banjara et al. (2015)Engel (1986)Fleet and Mian (1987)Brocklehurst and Lund (1985)Fedio et al. (1994)
Soft cheese (cream, feta, stracchino, panela, turkish white) Cryptococcus pseudolongus, Galactomyces geotrichum, Debaryomyces hansenii, Torulaspora delbrueckii, T. cutaneum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yarrowia lipolytica, Cryptoc laurentii, Candida inconspicu, C. sphaerica, C. guilliermondii, C. lipolytica. C. intermedia, C. famata, C. sake, Kluyveromyces blattae, K. thermotolerans, K. lactis, K. marxianus Didymella pinodella, Exophiala sp., Penicillium fellutanum, Penicillium palitans, Geotrichum candidum Garnier et al. (2017) Saxer et al. (2013) Yalcin and Ucar (2009) Vivier et al. (1994) Westall and Filtenborg (1988) Sarais et al. (1996)
Semi-soft cheese (fontina, havarti, mozzarella) Debaryomyces hansenii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Phoma glomerata, Penicillium verrucosum Casalinuovo et al. (2015)
Semi-hard cheese (gouda, provolone,raclette, monterey jack, jarlsberg, norvegia) Debaryomyces hansenii, Candida sake Penicillium cf. camemberti, Aspergillus cf. niger Banjara et al. (2015)
Hard cheese (cheddar, goat, jarlsberg, oaxaca) Debaryomyces hansenii, Galactomyces candidus, Sporodiobolus salmonicolor, Yarrowia lipolytica, Trichosporon asahii, Candida guilliermondii, C. tropicalis, C. krusei/inconspicua, C. lipolytica, C. norvegensis, C. kefyr, C. parapsilosis, C. utilis, C. rugosa, Cladosporium herbarum, C. cladosporioides, C. herbarum, C. sphaerospermum, Phoma glomerata, Mucor circinelloides, M. racemosus, M. spinosus, M. hiemalis, Penicillium antarcticum, P. discolor, P. bialowiezense, P. brevicompactum, P. solitum, P. commune, P. nalgiovense, P. chrysogenum, P. nordicum, P. palitans, P. roqueforti, P. glabrum, P. crustosum, Thamnidium elegans, Aspergillus flavus, Geotrichum candidum, Monilliella suaveolens Garnier et al . (2017) Saxer et al. (2013) Banjara et al. (2015) Lavoie et al. (2011) Taniwaki et al. (2001) Lund et al. (1995) Hocking and Faedo (1992) Tsai et al. (1988) Filtenborg et al. (1996)