Table 12 An assessment of the changes in serum biochemical values affected by the 90-day oral administration of 7%-GNANA, a test substance to the male and female rats (n=10)
| Tests | Units | Groups (mg/kg/day) |
| G1% | | G2 | | G3 | | G4 |
| Male | Female | | Male | Female | | Male | Female | | Male | Female |
| ALB | g/dL | 3.3±0.12 | 3.6±0.13 | 3.3±0.09 | 3.5±0.09 | 3.3±0.12 | 3.5±0.15 | 3.4±0.09 | 3.6±0.15 |
| ALP | U/L | 185±34.1 | 135±22.7 | 189±38.6 | 130±28.7 | 194±52.4 | 135±31.6 | 196±29.3 | 130±25.9 |
| ALT | U/L | 28±4.8 | 21±2.9 | 34±1.2 | 20±1.9 | 32±11.1 | 25±6.1 | 33±9.1 | 22±5.3 |
| AST | U/L | 81±18.8 | 78±12.7 | 93±22.8 | 74±12.9 | 85±11.7 | 79±8.7 | 92±24.5 | 88±17.2 |
| BIL | mg/dL | 0.1±0.03 | 0.1±0.04 | 0.1±0.01 | 0.1±0.03 | 0.1±0.01 | 0.1±0.03 | 0.1±0.03 | 0.1±0.05 |
| BUN | mg/dL | 17.2±2.22 | 17.0±3.15 | 17.2±2.47 | 17.7±2.86 | 19.2±2.82 | 17.9±3.01 | 18.6±1.54 | 17.7±2.74 |
| CHO | mg/dL | 11.0±0.20 | 10.9±0.28 | 11.0±0.30 | 10.7±0.23 | 10.9±0.33 | 10.6±0.24 | 10.9±0.32 | 10.8±0.25 |
| CPK | U/L | 86±12.8 | 86±23.6 | 82±15.6 | 76±21.8 | 95±17.9 | 84±14.6 | 80±12.0 | 78±21.2 |
| CRE | mg/dL | 108±46.2 | 73±21.9 | 127±75.7 | 76±38.5 | 102±41.1 | 91±24.7 | 103±43.6 | 109±75.7 |
| GLU | mg/dL | 0.6±0.08 | 0.6±0.09 | 0.6±0.07 | 0.7±0.04 | 0.6±0.04 | 0.7±0.06 | 0.6±0.03 | 0.7±0.04 |
| IP | mg/dL | 177±26.7 | 135±16.4 | 170±21.4 | 126±12.3 | 165±24.1 | 134±16.9 | 177±21.0 | 141±19.6 |
| PRO | g/dL | 5.84±0.585 | 5.38±0.729 | 6.04±0.482 | 4.83±0.732 | 5.78±0.449 | 4.81±0.773 | 5.68±0.655 | 5.21±0.825 |
| TG | mg/dL | 6.3±0.25 | 6.4±0.26 | 6.3±0.24 | 6.2±0.20 | 6.2±0.35 | 6.2±0.24 | 6.4±0.19 | 6.5±0.32 |
| A/G | Ratio | 72±49.0 | 33±8.2 | 53±13.3 | 33±9.0 | 60±26.6 | 34±8.9 | 47±10.7 | 30±9.9 |
| Ca2+ | mg/dL | 1.1±0.07 | 1.3±0.07 | 1.1±0.06 | 1.3±0.07 | 1.2±0.07 | 1.3±0.04 | 1.1±0.05 | 1.2±0.10 |
| Na+ | mg/dL | 139.0±0.81 | 137.1±0.88 | 139.3±0.55 | 137.7±0.63 | 139.0±1.36 | 137.9±1.20 | 139.0±0.65 | 137.4±0.36 |
| K+ | mmol/L | 4.13±0.253 | 3.76±0.105 | 4.26±0.116 | 3.84±0.198 | 4.26±0.260 | 3.78±0.232 | 4.03±0.221 | 3.70±0.214 |
| Cl－ | mmol/L | 106.2±1.23 | 107.6±0.53 | 106.4±0.47 | 108.8±0.63 | 105.8±1.12 | 109.2±0.87 | 105.6±0.86 | 108.0±1.02 |
| No. of animals | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
%: Control group (G1), Low-dose group (G2: 1,250 mg/10 mL/day), Medium-dose group (G3: 2,500 mg/10 mL/day), AST (Aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (Alanine aminotransferase), ALP (Alkaline phosphatase), BUN (Blood urea nitrogen), CRE (Creatinine), GLU (Glucose), CHO (Total cholesterol), PRO (Total protein), CPK (Creatine phosphokinase), ALB (Albumin), BIL (Total bilirubin), TG (Triglyceride), IP (Inorganic phosphorus), A/Gratio (Albumin/Globulin ratio), Ca2+ (Calcium ion), Na+ (Sodium ion), K+ (Potassium ion), Cl－ (Chloride ion)